Scientists have integrated 2D materials a few atoms thick into a working memory chip for the first time and you can't tell me this isn't some prime Star Trek-level tech
Every now and then, I come across a tech development that makes me feel like I'm living in the future, and this is one of those moments. A team of scientists at Fudan University in Shanghai have published a study detailing their latest achievement, a fully functional memory chip built with integrated 2D materials a few atoms thick. Yesssss. This is the Star Trek-level technology I was promised as a child.
Well, maybe that's jumping the gun a bit. Still, the achievement here is incredibly impressive (via Tom's Hardware). Essentially, the researcher's new Atom2chip process allowed them to flow a layer of molybdenum disulphide, functioning as a memory array, on top of a 0.13 micrometre CMOS silicon chip—fusing together an emerging atomic-scale, "2D" technology with traditional methods to create a working hybrid memory chip.
The chip-riding 2D flash memory array is able to communicate with the CMOS chip's control logic via a custom interface, which in turn means that instruction-driven operations, 32-bit parallelism and random access instructions can be swapped between the two.
And the deeper you go, the more impressive the scale of the achievement becomes. While wafers are polished as part of the production process, they've still got a layer of uneven terrain (we're talking nano-level, here) that could otherwise tear a several-atom-thick layer into an unworkable mess.
The researchers had to develop a conformal adhesion process that allows the 2D material to flow and bond with the rough surface of conventional silicon to create their hybrid sci-fi chip, a mind-boggling thing in its own right.
The end result of this incredibly clever method is a memory chip with a five megahertz peak operating speed but an incredibly low power draw, with each bit said to consume just 0.644 picojoules of juice. Not only that, but the process appears to result in a very stable output, with a reported success rate of 94.34%. A mass-manufacturing method in waiting, then? Perhaps.
Up until now, two-dimensional materials have been demonstrated in individual lab experiments, not in working components that could potentially scale to meet demand. And as our conventional chip production methods become ever more difficult as the processes become smaller and smaller, 2D materials might be the key to stretching Moore's Law all the way down to the atomic limit in the decades to come.
So, the upshot is, your CPU in the next few decades (I'm guessing here) might well make use of this very process in order to up the transistor density, all the while delivering massive power savings compared to the chips of today. Pie in the sky? Up until now, perhaps, but it's breakthroughs like this that could lead to it all becoming a reality.
Now, where's my Starship Enterprise? Still under development? Fine. Denser, more power-efficient chips thanks to nanoscale tech within my lifetime, though? Sure, I'll take it.